Prevocalic t-glottaling across word boundaries in Midland American English

Kamil Kaźmierski/ˌkamil kaʑˈmjɛrski/
Faculty of English at AMU in Poznań

Phon-phon for phun :: October 5th, 2020

kamil.kazmierski@wa.amu.edu.pl
wa.amu.edu.pl/wa/kazmierski_kamil

1 / 19

T-glottaling in American English
2 / 19

Kaźmierski, K, Wojtkowiak, E, Baumann, A. 2016. "Coalescent assimilation across word boundaries in American English and in Polish English." Research in Language 14(3): 235-262. DOI: 10.1515/rela-2016-0012

3 / 19

T-glottaling in American English
4 / 19

what I saw5 / 19

what I saw[wʌɾaɪsɑː] cf. [wɑːɾɚ] water5 / 19

what I saw[wʌɾaɪsɑː] cf. [wɑːɾɚ] water[wʌɾaɪsɑː] ~ [wʌʔaɪsɑː]5 / 19

Eddington, D and C Channer. 2010. “American English has goʔ a loʔ of glottal stops: Social diffusion and linguistic motivation.” American Speech 85(3): 338-351.

6 / 19

Why is [ʔ] encroaching on [ɾ] territory? If it's (almost) always a[ɾ]om, ci[ɾ]y, why do we ever get wha[ʔ] I ?7 / 19

Hypothesis: Frequent occurrence, and glottaling, before consonants influences the production of words even in before vowels. wha[ʔ] does, wha[ʔ] was, wha[ʔ] we, wha[ʔ] kind, wha[ʔ] would → wha[ʔ] I8 / 19

Hypothesis: Frequent occurrence, and glottaling, before consonants influences the production of words even in before vowels. wha[ʔ] does, wha[ʔ] was, wha[ʔ] we, wha[ʔ] kind, wha[ʔ] would → wha[ʔ] IPrediction: t-final words often followed by consonants → more likely to undergo t-glottaling.8 / 19

Hypothesis: Frequent occurrence, and glottaling, before consonants influences the production of words even in before vowels.

wha[ʔ] does, wha[ʔ] was, wha[ʔ] we, wha[ʔ] kind, wha[ʔ] would → wha[ʔ] I

Prediction: t-final words often followed by consonants → more likely to undergo t-glottaling.

Result: Eddington & Channer (2010) confirm it, but there were limitations

Eddington, D and C Channer. 2010. “American English has goʔ a loʔ of glottal stops: Social diffusion and linguistic motivation.” American Speech 85(3): 338-351.

8 / 19

My study: MethodData: Buckeye (Pitt et al. 2007)40 speakers, stratified for age (younger, older) and gender from Columbus, OH
Midland (Labov, Ash & Boberg 2006) dialect area
Hand-corrected allophonic transcriptions

Analysis: Corpus queerying with Labb-CAT (Fromont & Hay 2012)
7,317 Vt#V bigrams retrieved (no pause in between)
Mixed-effects logistic regression with lme4 (Bates et al. 2015) in   (R Core Team 2020)

9 / 19

Ex. 1: Intervocalic /t/ as a glottal stop

10 / 19

Ex. 2: Intervocalic /t/ as an 'incomplete' glottal stop

11 / 19

Data - overview
12 / 19

Articulation rate: Buckeye vs. Santa Barbara

13 / 19

t-glottaling; gender by age effect

## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.

14 / 19

Test variable : Consonantal proportion

15 / 19

Model

glottaled ~ consonantal_proportion +
            rate_deviation  + 
            word2_frontness + word2_stress + bigram_frequency + 
            gender * age + 
            (1 | word1) +
            (1 + consonantal_proportion | speaker)

16 / 19

t-glottaling; Contextual frequency effect

Kaźmierski, K. 2020. "Prevocalic t-glottaling across word boundaries in Midland American English." Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology 11(1): 13, 1-23. DOI: 10.5334/labphon.271

17 / 19

Conclusion

Frequent occurrence before consonants enriches the pool of exemplars with [ʔ]
During production, even before vowels, the phoneme /t/ draws on these exemplars
The more frequent the occurrence before consonants, the higher the likelihood the the outcome will be [ʔ]

18 / 19

Thank you!

T-glottaling may be becoming more frequent, and it's driven by a contextual frequency effect

This research was supported by National Science Center (Poland) grant no. UMO-2017/26/D/HS2/00027

kamil.kazmierski@wa.amu.edu.pl

19 / 19

Help

Keyboard shortcuts

↑, ←, Pg Up, k

Go to previous slide

↓, →, Pg Dn, Space, j

Go to next slide

Home

Go to first slide

End

Go to last slide

Number + Return

Go to specific slide

b / m / f

Toggle blackout / mirrored / fullscreen mode

Clone slideshow

Toggle presenter mode

Restart the presentation timer

?, h

Toggle this help

Tile View: Overview of Slides

Prevocalic t-glottaling across word boundaries in Midland American English

Kamil Kaźmierski/ˌkamil kaʑˈmjɛrski/
Faculty of English at AMU in Poznań

Phon-phon for phun :: October 5th, 2020

kamil.kazmierski@wa.amu.edu.pl
wa.amu.edu.pl/wa/kazmierski_kamil

1 / 19

T-glottaling in American English
2 / 19

3 / 19

T-glottaling in American English
4 / 19

what I saw5 / 19

what I saw[wʌɾaɪsɑː] cf. [wɑːɾɚ] water5 / 19

what I saw[wʌɾaɪsɑː] cf. [wɑːɾɚ] water[wʌɾaɪsɑː] ~ [wʌʔaɪsɑː]5 / 19

Eddington, D and C Channer. 2010. “American English has goʔ a loʔ of glottal stops: Social diffusion and linguistic motivation.” American Speech 85(3): 338-351.

6 / 19

Why is [ʔ] encroaching on [ɾ] territory? If it's (almost) always a[ɾ]om, ci[ɾ]y, why do we ever get wha[ʔ] I ?7 / 19

Hypothesis: Frequent occurrence, and glottaling, before consonants influences the production of words even in before vowels. wha[ʔ] does, wha[ʔ] was, wha[ʔ] we, wha[ʔ] kind, wha[ʔ] would → wha[ʔ] I8 / 19

Hypothesis: Frequent occurrence, and glottaling, before consonants influences the production of words even in before vowels. wha[ʔ] does, wha[ʔ] was, wha[ʔ] we, wha[ʔ] kind, wha[ʔ] would → wha[ʔ] IPrediction: t-final words often followed by consonants → more likely to undergo t-glottaling.8 / 19

Hypothesis: Frequent occurrence, and glottaling, before consonants influences the production of words even in before vowels.

wha[ʔ] does, wha[ʔ] was, wha[ʔ] we, wha[ʔ] kind, wha[ʔ] would → wha[ʔ] I

Prediction: t-final words often followed by consonants → more likely to undergo t-glottaling.

Result: Eddington & Channer (2010) confirm it, but there were limitations

Eddington, D and C Channer. 2010. “American English has goʔ a loʔ of glottal stops: Social diffusion and linguistic motivation.” American Speech 85(3): 338-351.

8 / 19

My study: MethodData: Buckeye (Pitt et al. 2007)40 speakers, stratified for age (younger, older) and gender from Columbus, OH
Midland (Labov, Ash & Boberg 2006) dialect area
Hand-corrected allophonic transcriptions

Analysis: Corpus queerying with Labb-CAT (Fromont & Hay 2012)
7,317 Vt#V bigrams retrieved (no pause in between)
Mixed-effects logistic regression with lme4 (Bates et al. 2015) in   (R Core Team 2020)

9 / 19

Ex. 1: Intervocalic /t/ as a glottal stop

10 / 19

Ex. 2: Intervocalic /t/ as an 'incomplete' glottal stop

11 / 19

Data - overview
12 / 19

Articulation rate: Buckeye vs. Santa Barbara

13 / 19

t-glottaling; gender by age effect

## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.

14 / 19

Test variable : Consonantal proportion

15 / 19

Model

glottaled ~ consonantal_proportion +
            rate_deviation  + 
            word2_frontness + word2_stress + bigram_frequency + 
            gender * age + 
            (1 | word1) +
            (1 + consonantal_proportion | speaker)

16 / 19

t-glottaling; Contextual frequency effect

17 / 19

Conclusion

Frequent occurrence before consonants enriches the pool of exemplars with [ʔ]
During production, even before vowels, the phoneme /t/ draws on these exemplars
The more frequent the occurrence before consonants, the higher the likelihood the the outcome will be [ʔ]

18 / 19

Thank you!

T-glottaling may be becoming more frequent, and it's driven by a contextual frequency effect

This research was supported by National Science Center (Poland) grant no. UMO-2017/26/D/HS2/00027

kamil.kazmierski@wa.amu.edu.pl

19 / 19